Walnut Tree

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The house came with a fully grown walnut tree. In south-west France, most houses of any age do. I reckon our tree was planted around the same time the house was built, which must be well on for over a 100 years ago now.

In France a walnut tree is a ‘Noix’ – quite literally a nut. As if no other nuts or nut trees existed. There’s only one, and it’s a walnut, you fools.

Ours, like all, is beautiful at all times of the year. The structure in winter showing its spread and reach, the leaves in summer oblong, pinnate and casting a welcome shadow. The branches can reach right down to the ground and we have a constant debate about whether to cut them off and raise the level (John) or leave them trailing romantically to the ground (me). We intend to hang a rope and plank and make a swing off one of them at some point in the next year.

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As Wikipedia tells us, Walnut trees are any species of tree in the plant genus Juglans, the type genus of the family Juglandaceae, the seeds of which are referred to as walnuts. All species are deciduous trees, 10–40 metres (33–131 ft) tall. It is said that they can live for a thousand years.
It is also said that nothing will grown under a walnut tree because it produces a non-toxic, colourless, chemical called hydrojuglone which is found in the leaves, stems, fruit hulls, inner bark and roots. When hydrojuglone is exposed to air or soil compounds it is oxidized into the allelochemical juglone. Juglone is highly toxic. I heard this said again on Gardener’s Question Time only a few months ago. We don’t appear to have this problem – fighting stuff back is as much as we can do.

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It might have the reputation for killing things that grow under it because it does cast such a dry and wide shade. In our garden that is very welcome, and in the summer Cedric will retrieve a cushion from the house and take it out to rest his head on in the shade of the walnut tree.


Of course, the nuts are great! I have written before about Vin de Noix and we are looking forward to sampling ours this Christmas. But walnuts just as they are are beautiful and fresh from the tree they have a buttery, milky quality that you never get with dry ones from the supermarket. We are about to parcel a load off to my GBF in the UK as he is used to getting them for Christmas.

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Monks in the middle ages widely planted the walnut for its nuts and the medicinal properties of its leaves, hence the modern name “walnut” which derives from the German “welche Nuss”, which means “foreign nut”. As a pair of ‘foreign nuts’ ourselves it is perhaps fitting that we love it so much.

Waiting for frost

It is the end of October, the day the clocks have gone back and our gardening thoughts are pretty much filled with waiting for frost. The garden reaches a kind of autumnal peak at this time of the year

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but we know of course that one frost will blacken, sap and kill, and winter will have begun.

In my experience so much of gardening is anticipation of the pleasures to come, and remembrance of the fulfilment that has been, that it takes me a conscious effort to enjoy the here and now, what is looking wonderful, the delight of eating and processing our home grown produce, and the contentment of well grown and propagated plants.

So it is with the frost, we look at weather forecasts on three different apps, compare notes with other gardeners and vignerons and get up early to see if ‘it‘ has happened overnight.

As I write, I am greenhouse-less (although one is to come this month, built out of old oak windows that we got for nothing from a person emptying their garage in anticipation of a move) so yesterday all the tender plants were moved into the house and are currently occupying every available windowsill and table. They will move out again in a couple of days because the weather apps say it will not drop below 8 degrees for the following 10 days and I always think plants are happier outside than in.

I also cut some dahlias for the house so that if it was frosty last night as promised, then at least we would have those for a week. The promised frost did not appear.

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This is the time of year when the morning sun is at its most theatrical, backlighting everything so that it looks silvered and luminous. We notice that the sun rises in a new place every morning now. Its first beam hits the garden at around the time we get up, and it comes from an apparently more northerly direction and stays low all day. Since June we’ve lost four hours of light; we’ll lose another four by December.

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There is a strange sense of ‘hurry up and wait’ hanging over us. There are still chillis and aubergines in the vegetable garden, and beetroot seedlings waiting to be planted. Winter salad is coming through and celeriac and leeks are in the ground waiting to be pulled. It feels like we cannot be sure at all of how long the chillis will be with us, but on the other hand we are waiting to see if the tiny beetroots will grow. We are gamblers, with fruit and vegetables as our currency.

The birds who inhabit our garden to a far greater degree than us are urgently making the most of whatever easy food is available, fattening up for the winter. They are noisier and more visible than in the heat of summer. A robin (is it more than one?) is constantly in view and hanging around for whatever is dug up, blackbirds sing beautifully at dusk and do their ridiculous panic call for no apparent reason. A lesser spotted woodpecker visits our walnut tree and picks up walnuts and hits them impossibly quickly against the trunk to break them open. The swimming pool is covered and birds bathe in the pools of water collecting in the cover.

It has been a blisteringly hot summer and the last frost was at the end of March (not early May like the year before) and the autumn has been perfect – long and warm with honeyed light and perfect evenings in the dusk. Frost marks the moment that those days are over and the winter, which has its own joys, begins.

White foxgloves

Today I have been planting out white foxgloves in the shade of the walnut tree.   Being biennials the theory is you grow new ones each year to flower the following year.  The practice being you forget til it’s too late or your lovely husband lets the first lot of seedlings burn to a crisp in the ‘canicule’.   No matter, a second batch was sown and has been nursed through the heat and planted out today.

I love these kind of jobs.   All kinds of propagation I get a real kick out of – something about the nurturing and creating life, as well as the abundance of plants you can get for not much or no money all appeals to me.

Plus, white foxgloves, man.  I love them.   Here are this year’s lightening the shade.   Bobby dazzlers as my darling would say.

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Planting

dsc_1864When I think about the kind of planting I like to see and the kind I want in my garden, I realise I am more drawn to airy, translucent, tall and diaphanous planting than any other kind. I want plants that will move with the wind, reveal what is behind and around them and also half screen the view beyond. I want prettiness, dynamism and interest.

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That dictates plant choices and of course we have a lot of verbena bonariensis – which can take over and become dense and which has to be pulled out in great handfuls to maintain lightness and transparency – a constant task. Also a lot of bronze fennel (other umbellifers such as carrots and cow parsley (including the black one), seeds itself everywhere and has to be pulled out and either binned, given away or relocated, but it has such wonderful feathers which combine into darkness below and tall ochre covered flat plates of flowers above that it cannot be resisted.

Slightly more unusually verbena officinalis Bampton, easily grown from seed, has rather wonderful bronzey purple stems dotted with little pink flowers that form a gauze-y effect – here through echninacea.

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At a higher level I tend to choose trees and shrubs that will have the same effect – this Eucalyptus, which I bought in France and I think is Azura – a French variety – is slow growing with a wonderful silvery blue foliage which shimmers in the sunlight and breeze.  On the right of this photo.   Olives of which I have two and more to come are equally beautiful in a similar way.

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I have found a peach tree (here on the left) to offer just the kind of foliage and effect that I am looking for. And I love the Indigofera which genuinely flowers all summer in a light and airy way.

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I particularly dislike the kind of unexciting and dense planting that has blocks of colour running into each other often seen nowadays in so called ‘prairie planting’ – so I am trying to create a small ‘hot prairie’ (it gets up to 40 degrees here, when it is windy the plants must feel like someone is holding a hair dryer to them) which has the same airy and transparent feel to it. Nepeta, curry plant and salvia turkestanica are both holding up well to the conditions, with Cephalaria Gigantea, Digitalis Ferruginea and various types of Molinia to come.

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Which brings me to grasses. Big yawn for those monocultures of bold upright grasses (Calamagrostis I am talking to you), or feather grass. The gardening equivalent of a beige cardigan. BUT some grasses have exactly the type of airy wavy translucence that I am looking for – stipa gigantea (common but beautiful), all the Molinias. Yes I am growing them.

Voice of the garden

When I was working, and doing process improvement, we used to talk about the three ‘voices’ ;

  • Voice of the customer – what do they want from the process?
  • Voice of the process – a process can talk to you if you know how to listen to it – the data or results achieved and your analysis of it
  • Voice of the people – what do the people who are running the process know about how it works and can be improved?

It has struck me that these voices can be equally applied to garden design.

When we were not here every day, and when we bought the field which is about another half an acre to play with, we spent many hours with various apps on my MacBookPro, laying out various areas of the garden and what we would do in them.

Helmuth Karl Bernhard Graf von Moltke was a German Field Marshal. The chief of staff of the Prussian Army for thirty years, he is regarded as the creator of a new, more modern method of directing armies in the field.  It was he who made the first observation that ‘no plan survives the first contact with the enemy’.   The same is true of gardening.

Our plans, written a thousand miles away, and perfectly rational and probably quite beautiful if they were implemented, took no account of the voice of the garden and little account of our own voice nor that of the customer (the visitor or observer).

Our garden (the voice of the process in process improvement terms) has spoken loud and clear to us.  Topography, soil (or clay to be more specific), views and view, pernicious weeds, badger sett, exposure and shade, grass and the path of the sun.   All of these have led us to listen to the garden and revise our plans and work with it rather than against it.   So an unexpected area of good grass has led to a lawn, the better soil is for the potager, a ‘jungle’ of tropical plants in the far corner have all revealed themselves to us rather than being written on a plan.

Our own voice – as creators and maintainers of the garden has also become clear and distinct.   Our overriding aim is not to spend our entire lives maintaining the integrity and appearance of the garden.   We don’t want maintenance free, but we don’t want a  constant uphill struggle either.  The potager is challenge enough with the amount of vegetable gardening that we are doing and our aspirations to self sufficiency, the flower borders and other areas need to be pretty and pleasing but we cannot spend ages on weeding and tidying.   What we plant has to be both resilient (Cedric will undoubtedly lie on it, probably run over it) and beautiful.

More importantly to us is for us to implement a ‘philosophy’ of the garden – a spiritual and philosophical reading that can be followed.   So it goes from a sensual garden (the potager) to a spiritual one (the Japanese garden) and on to the yew circle for contemplation and remembrance. And so on.  I don’t want to explain it all.

For our customers – these are the local people who walk past and look at what we are doing, as well as our visitors and future visitors – we are trying to create something that will be pleasing to the eye and interesting for the brain.

All I am trying to say really is that it is not possible to plan a garden on paper or on a computer – the spirit of the place and your own needs and aspirations will dictate your plans.